Advisor Information
William Tapprich
Presentation Type
Oral Presentation
Start Date
26-3-2021 12:00 AM
End Date
26-3-2021 12:00 AM
Abstract
Enteroviruses are single stranded RNA viruses which have caused many public health concerns, particularly in children. These viruses are responsible for polio, hand, foot, and mouth disease, many polio-like neurological diseases, and the common cold. The enterovirus called Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a close relative to poliovirus, has been shown responsible for severe human disease, including pancreatitis, myocarditis, and type 1 diabetes. A unique advantage of studying CVB3 is the existence of a naturally occurring strain (CVB3/GA) which displays no known pathogenicity. Earlier comparative genomic studies have shown that the primary difference between avirulent CVB3/GA and the virulent strains of CVB3 is sixty-three nucleotide substitutions in a key genomic region called the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR). This region controls the production of viral proteins as well as genome replication. We have employed a novel method called 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP) for the comparative analysis of the 5’UTR from virulent CVB3/28 and avirulent CVB3/GA. We have identified a major structural difference between the CVB3/28 and CVB3/GA genomes the within a functionally active section of the 5’UTR that accompanies the change in virulence. Understanding the structural differences between virulent and avirulent strains is vital for future development of vaccines and other viral treatments.
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Included in
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Insights into viral genome function through comparative structural analysis
Enteroviruses are single stranded RNA viruses which have caused many public health concerns, particularly in children. These viruses are responsible for polio, hand, foot, and mouth disease, many polio-like neurological diseases, and the common cold. The enterovirus called Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a close relative to poliovirus, has been shown responsible for severe human disease, including pancreatitis, myocarditis, and type 1 diabetes. A unique advantage of studying CVB3 is the existence of a naturally occurring strain (CVB3/GA) which displays no known pathogenicity. Earlier comparative genomic studies have shown that the primary difference between avirulent CVB3/GA and the virulent strains of CVB3 is sixty-three nucleotide substitutions in a key genomic region called the 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR). This region controls the production of viral proteins as well as genome replication. We have employed a novel method called 2′-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP) for the comparative analysis of the 5’UTR from virulent CVB3/28 and avirulent CVB3/GA. We have identified a major structural difference between the CVB3/28 and CVB3/GA genomes the within a functionally active section of the 5’UTR that accompanies the change in virulence. Understanding the structural differences between virulent and avirulent strains is vital for future development of vaccines and other viral treatments.