Author ORCID Identifier
Mangalam - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6369-0414
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-1-2021
Abstract
The embodied theory of tooling predicts that when using a grasped object as a tool, individuals accommodate their actions to manage the altered degrees of freedom in the body-plus-object system. We tested predictions from this theory by studying how 3 tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and 6 humans (Homo sapiens) used a hoe to retrieve a token. The hoe’s handle was rigid, had 2 segments with 1 planar joint, or had 3 segments with 2 (orthogonal) planar joints. When jointed, rotating the handle could render it rigid. The monkeys used more actions to retrieve the token when the handle had 1 joint than when it had no joints or 2 joints. They did not use exploratory actions frequently nor in a directed manner in any condition. Although they sometimes rotated the handle of the hoe, they did not make it rigid. In a follow-up study, we explored whether humans would rotate the handle to use a 2-jointed hoe in a conventional manner, as predicted both by the embodied theory and theories of functional fixedness in humans. Two people rotated the handle to use the hoe conventionally, but 4 people did not; instead, they used the hoe as it was presented, as did the monkeys. These results confirm some predictions but also highlight shortcomings of the embodied theory with respect to specifying the consequences of adding multiple degrees of freedom. The study of species’ perceptual sensitivity to jointed object’s inertial properties could help to refine the embodied theory of tooling. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000282
Journal Title
Journal of Comparative Psychology
Volume
135
Issue
5
First Page
382
Last Page
393
Recommended Citation
Fragaszy, D. M., Lukemire, J. D., Reynoso-Cruz, J. E., Villarreal Jordan, S., Sheheane, S., Heaton, A., Quinones, M., & Mangalam, M. (2021). How tufted capuchin monkeys (Sapajus spp.) and humans (Homo sapiens) handle a jointed tool. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 135(3), 382–393. https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000282
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Comments
©American Psychological Association, [2021]. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/com0000282