Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-8717

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8447-4048

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6146-623X

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-7907

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

9-18-2025

Publication Title

Theory and Practice of Logic Programming

Volume

25

Issue

4

First Page

668

Last Page

684

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1017/S1471068425100112

Abstract

ANTHEM 2.0 is a tool to aid in the verification of logic programs written in an expressive fragment of CLINGO ’s input language named MINI-GRINGO, which includes arithmetic operations and simple choice rules but not aggregates. It can translate logic programs into formula representations in the logic of here-and-there and analyze properties of logic programs such as tightness. Most importantly, ANTHEM 2.0 can support program verification by invoking first-order theorem provers to confirm that a program adheres to a first-order specification or to establish strong and external equivalence of programs. This paper serves as an overview of the system’s capabilities. We demonstrate how to use ANTHEM 2.0 effectively and interpret its results.

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Funded by the University of Nebraska at Omaha Open Access Fund