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  Rethinking Implicit Bias Training

  Connie M. Morris

  Rethinking Implicit Bias Training critically examines the concept of implicit bias, particularly within the context of police training and the broader societal implications of racism. It guides students through the intricate world of criminal justice, highlighting contemporary issues critical to cultivating justice and empathy within the profession.
  
  Students explore the subtle workings of implicit bias and see how it affects behavior, decision-making, and the broader landscape of law enforcement in our society. The text offers readers the information and tools they need to facilitate change within the discipline. They learn how to recognize and overcome bias, encourage open and constructive dialogues, and challenge systematic inequalities. Each chapter includes objectives, key terms, and reflective questions to facilitate deeper engagement with the content.
  
  Rethinking Implicit Bias Training is designed to help students develop increased self-awareness and a vision for a future in which inclusivity, responsibility, and empathy are the pillars of the criminal justice system. The text is well suited for courses in criminal justice, sociology, psychology, and law enforcement training programs.

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  Handbook on Inequalities in Sentencing and Corrections among Marginalized Populations

  Eileen M. Ahlin Ed., Ohmarrh Mithcell Ed., Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk Ed., Leah C. Butler, Zachary Hamilton, Alex Kigerl, Amber Krushas, and M. Kowalski

  The Handbook on Inequalities in Sentencing and Corrections among Marginalized Populations offers state-of-the-art volumes on seminal and topical issues that span the fields of sentencing and corrections. The volume is a comprehensive and fresh approach to examining sentencing and community and institutional corrections. The book includes empirical and theoretical essays and recent developments on the pressing concerns of persons of traditionally non-privileged statuses, including racial and ethnic minorities, indigenous populations, gender, immigrant status, LGBTQ+, transgender, disability, aging, veterans, and other marginalized statuses.

  The handbook considers a wide range of perspectives for understanding the experiences of persons who identify as a member of a traditionally marginalized group. This volume aims to help scholars and graduate students by providing an up-to-date guide to contemporary issues facing corrections and sentencing. It will also assist practitioners with resources for developing socially informed policies and practices. This collection of essays contributes to the knowledge base by summarizing what is known in each area and identifying emerging areas for theoretical, empirical, and policy work.

  This is Volume 7 of The ASC Division on Corrections and Sentencing Handbook Series. The handbooks provide in-depth coverage of seminal and topical issues around sentencing and corrections for scholars, students, practitioners, and policymakers.

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  Rethinking and Reforming American Policing

  Joseph A. Schafer Ed., Richard W. Myers Ed., Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, and Rachael Rief

  Policing in the US and many western nations is in an era of crisis, facing extensive calls for reformation and change. This edited book outlines the major challenges and changes needed to achieve a more stable future for the policing profession and police organizations. The chapters come from innovative police leaders and officers as well as academics with subject matter expertise, to provide insight into how reform can be done with the police. It focusses on how leaders should understand and approach their role during times of instability and uncertainty. It starts with an examination of how policing reached this state of crisis and discusses some interviews conducted with police leaders, particularly chiefs as agents of change and reform. This is followed by chapters from several veteran police leaders and personnel describing some of the factors that brought policing to this critical time of change and reform, how has policing evolved in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, and how that impacts the current environment, and some potential strategies to create meaningful change while considering unintended consequences. The following chapters from academics seek to define paths that policing can take toward needed changes that will increase legitimacy, trust, and equality of policing services. It speaks to students, academics and professionals interested in police organization and administration, police leadership, and contemporary issues in policing and criminal justice.

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  Crime and Justice: A Review of Research Volum 30

  Michael Tonry Ed., Leah C. Butler, Francis T. Cullen, and Amanda Graham

  Since 1979 the Crime and Justice series has presented a review of the latest international research, providing expertise to enhance the work of sociologists, psychologists, criminal lawyers, justice scholars, and political scientists. The series explores a full range of issues concerning crime, its causes, and its cures. In both the review and the thematic volumes, Crime and Justice offers an interdisciplinary approach to address core issues in criminology.

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  Fifty Years of Causes of Delinquency, Volume 25 The Criminology of Travis Hirschi

  James C. Oleson Ed., Barbara J. Costello Ed., Francis T. Cullen, Leah C. Butler, and H. Lee

  This volume marks the 50th anniversary of the publication of Travis Hirschi’s seminal work Causes of Delinquency. The influence of Hirschi’s book, and the theory of social control it described, can scarcely be overstated. Social control theory has been empirically tested or commented on by hundreds of scholars and is generally regarded as one of the three dominant theories of crime.

  The current work highlights the impact that social control theory has had on criminological theory and research to date. Agnew’s contribution highlights the role that Hirschi’s tests of control versus strain theory had in contributing to the "near demise" of classic strain theories, and to the subsequent development of general strain theory. Serrano-Maillo relates control to drift, and Tedor and Hope compare the human nature assumptions of control theory to the current psychological literature. Other contributions return to Hirschi’s original Richmond Youth Survey (RYS) data and demonstrate the robustness of Hirschi’s major findings. Costello and Anderson find strong support for Hirschi’s predictions in an analysis of a diverse group of youths in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1999; Nofziger similarly finds support for Hirschi’s predictions with an analysis of the girls in the RYS, and explores the criticisms of social control theory that were the result of Hirschi’s failure to analyze the data from the girls in the sample. Kempf-Leonard revisits her seminal 1993 survey of control theory and reviews the current empirical status of control theory. Other contributions explore new directions for both social control theory and self-control theory. The contribution by Cullen, Lee, and Butler holds that one element of the social bond, commitment, was under-theorized by Hirschi, and the authors present a more in-depth development of the concept. Quist explores the possibility of expanding social control theory to explicitly incorporate exchange theory concepts; Ueda and Tsutomi apply control theory cross-culturally to a sample of Japanese students; and Felson uses control theory to organize criminological ideas. Vazsonyi and Javakhishvili’s contribution is an empirical analysis of the connections between social control in early childhood and self-control later in life; Chapple and McQuillan’s contribution suggests that the gender gap in delinquency is better explained by increased controls in girls than by gendered pathways to offending. Oleson traces the evolution of Hirschi’s control theory, and suggests that, given the relationships between fact and theory, a biosocial model of control might be a promising line of inquiry.

  Fifty Years of Causes of Delinquency: The Criminology of Travis Hirschi describes the current state of control theory and suggests its future directions, as well as demonstrates its enduring importance for criminological theory and research. The volume will be of interest to scholars working in the control theory tradition as well as those critical of the perspective, and is suitable for use in graduate courses in criminological theory.

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  The Globalization of Evidence-Based Policing

  Natalie Todak, Kyle McLean, Justin Nix, and Cory P. Haberman

  Chapter 10: The LEADS Academics Program: Building Sustainable Police-Research Partnerships in the Pursuit of Evidence-Based Policing

  Evidence-based policing is based on the straightforward, but powerful, idea that crime prevention and crime control policy should be based on what works best in promoting public safety, as determined by the best available scientific evidence. Bringing together leading academics and practitioners, this book explores a wide range of case studies from around the world that best exemplify the integration of scientific evidence in contemporary policing processes.

  Chapters explore the transfer of scientific knowledge to the practice community, the role of officers in conducting police-led science, connection of work between police researchers and practitioners, and how evidence-based policing can be incorporated in daily police functions. The Globalization of Evidence-Based Policing is written for both researchers and practitioners interested in ensuring that scientific research is at center stage in policing. Agencies (including law enforcement agencies, research centers, and institutions of higher learning) can look to these case studies as road maps to better foster an evidence-based approach to crime prevention and crime control. Those already committed to evidence-based policing can look to these chapters to ensure that evidence-based policing is firmly institutionalized within their agencies.

  Accessible and compelling, this book is essential reading for all those interested in learning more about and doing more to bring about evidence-based policing.

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  Criminal Justice Theory, Volume 26: Explanations and Effects

  Cecilia Chouhy Ed, Joshua C. Cochran Ed., Cheryl Lero Jonson Ed, Leah C. Butler, Francis T. Cullen, H. Lee, and Angela J. Thielo

  Criminal Justice Theory: Explanations and Effects undertakes a systematic study of theories of the criminal justice system, which historically have received very little attention from scholars. This is a glaring omission given the risk of mass imprisonment, the increasing presence of police in inner-city communities, and the emergence of new policy initiatives aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of the administration of justice. Fortunately, however, a number of disparate theoretical works have appeared that seek to provide insight into the nature and impact of criminal justice. Based on 13 original essays by influential scholars, this volume pulls together the most significant of these perspectives, thus creating a state-of-the-art assessment of contemporary criminal justice theory.

  Criminal justice theory can be divided into two main categories. The first includes works that seek to explain the operation of the criminal justice system. Most of these contributions have grappled with the core reality of American criminal justice: its rising embrace of punitiveness and the growth of mass imprisonment. The second category focuses on works that identify theories that have often guided efforts to reduce crime. The issue here focuses mainly on the effects of certain theoretically guided criminal justice interventions. The current volume is thus organized into these two categories: explanations and effects.

  The result is an innovative and comprehensive book that not only serves researchers by advancing scholarship but also is appropriate for advanced undergraduate or graduate classroom use.

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  Building a Black Criminology, Volume 24 Race, Theory, and Crime

  James D. Unnever Ed., Shaun L. Gabbidon Ed., Cecilia Chouhy Ed., Francis T. Cullen, Cecilia Chouhy Ed, Leah C. Butler, and H. Lee

  In light of the Black Lives Matter movement and protests in many cities, race plays an ever more salient role in crime and justice. Within theoretical criminology, however, race has oddly remained on the periphery. It is often introduced as a control variable in tests of theories and is rarely incorporated as a central construct in mainstream paradigms (e.g., control, social learning, and strain theories). When race is discussed, the standard approach is to embrace the racial invariance thesis, which argues that any racial differences in crime are due to African Americans being exposed to the same criminogenic risk factors as are Whites, just more of them. An alternative perspective has emerged that seeks to identify the unique, racially specific conditions that only Blacks experience. Within the United States, these conditions are rooted in the historical racial oppression experienced by African Americans, whose contemporary legacy includes concentrated disadvantage in segregated communities, racial socialization by parents, experiences with and perceptions of racial discrimination, and disproportionate involvement in and unjust treatment by the criminal justice system.

  Importantly, racial invariance and race specificity are not mutually exclusive perspectives. Evidence exists that Blacks and Whites commit crimes for both the same reasons (invariance) and for different reasons (race-specific). A full understanding of race and crime thus must involve demarcating both the general and specific causes of crime, the latter embedded in what it means to be "Black" in the United States. This volume seeks to explore these theoretical issues in a depth and breadth that is not common under one cover. Again, given the salience of race and crime, this volume should be of interest to a wide range of criminologists and have the potential to be used in graduate seminars and upper-level undergraduate courses.

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  Routledge Handbook on Capital Punishment

  Robert M. Bohm Ed., Gavin Lee Ed., Leah C. Butler, Francis T. Cullen, Angela J. Thielo, and J D. Unnever

  Capital punishment is one of the more controversial subjects in the social sciences, especially in criminal justice and criminology. Over the last decade or so, the United States has experienced a significant decline in the number of death sentences and executions. Since 2007, eight states have abolished capital punishment, bringing the total number of states without the death penalty to 19, plus the District of Columbia, and more are likely to follow suit in the near future (Nebraska reinstated its death penalty in 2016). Worldwide, 70 percent of countries have abolished capital punishment in law or in practice. The current trend suggests the eventual demise of capital punishment in all but a few recalcitrant states and countries. Within this context, a fresh look at capital punishment in the United States and worldwide is warranted.

  The Routledge Handbook on Capital Punishment comprehensively examines the topic of capital punishment from a wide variety of perspectives. A thoughtful introductory chapter from experts Bohm and Lee presents a contextual framework for the subject matter, and chapters present state-of-the-art analyses of a range of aspects of capital punishment, grouped into five sections: (1) Capital Punishment: History, Opinion, and Culture; (2) Capital Punishment: Rationales and Religious Views; (3) Capital Punishment and Constitutional Issues; (4) The Death Penalty’s Administration; and (5) The Death Penalty’s Consequences.

  This is a key collection for students taking courses in prisons, penology, criminal justice, criminology, and related subjects, and is also an essential reference for academics and practitioners working in prison service or in related agencies.

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  Handbook on Crime and Deviance

  Marvin D. Krohn Ed., Nicole Hendrix Ed., Gina Penly Hall Ed., Alan J. Lizotte, Leah C. Butler, Teresa C. Kulig, Bonnie S. Fisher, and Patricia L. Wilcox-Blau

  This 2nd edition of the Handbook provides an interdisciplinary coverage of new understandings of the most important developments in the sociology of crime and deviance that is current and emerging for research, methodology, practice, and theory in criminology. It fosters research to take the fields of criminology and criminal justice in new directions. Unlike any other handbook, it includes chapters on cutting-edge quantitative data and analytical techniques that are shaping the future of empirical research and expanding theoretical explanations of crime and deviance. It further devotes a section to the most current and innovative methodological issues. Chapters are updated providing an inclusive discussion of the current research and the theoretical and empirical future of crime and deviance. This handbook is of great interest for advanced undergraduates, graduates students, researchers and scholars in criminology, criminal justice, sociology and related fields, such as social welfare, economics, and psychology.

  • Discusses current research in the sociology of crime and deviance and incorporates the author's suggestions for future directions

  • Includes chapters explaining causes of crime, from an innovative theoretical and methodological approach

  • Offers contemporary perspectives of issues related to crime and deviance by leading scholars and researchers

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  The SAGE Encyclopedia of Criminal Psychology

  Robert D. Morgan Ed., Thomas Vander Ven, Leah C. Butler, and J. Lynch

  The SAGE Encyclopedia of Criminal Psychology will be a modern, interdisciplinary resource aimed at students and professionals interested in the intersection of psychology (e.g., social, forensic, clinical), criminal justice, sociology, and criminology. The interdisciplinary study of human behavior in legal contexts includes numerous topics on criminal behavior, criminal justice policies and legal process, crime detection and prevention, eyewitness identification, prison life, offender assessment and rehabilitation, risk assessment and management, offender mental health, community reintegration, and juvenile offending. The study of these topics has been increasing continually since the late 1800s, with people trained in many legal professions such as policing, social work, law, academia, mental health, and corrections. This will be a comprehensive work that will provide the most current empirical information on those topics of greatest concern to students who desire to work in these fields.

  This encyclopedia is a unique reference work that looks at criminal behavior primarily through a scientific lens. With over 500 entries the book brings together top empirically driven researchers and clinicians across multiple fields—psychology, criminology, social work, and sociology—to explore the field.

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  Routledge International Handbook of Delinquency and Health

  M. G. Vaughn Ed., C. Salas-Wright Ed., D. B. Jackson Ed., Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, and Peter Simi

  The Routledge International Handbook of Delinquency and Health presents state-of-the-art research and theorizing on the intersections between health, delinquency, and the juvenile justice system. Organized into three parts—Theoretical and Empirical Foundations; Behavioral, Mental, and Physical Health Conditions; and Prevention, Policy, and Health Promotion Systems—it is the largest and most comprehensive work of its kind, featuring contributions from scholars from multiple nations and global regions.

  A growing number of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers from criminology and criminal justice, social work, medicine, psychiatry and psychology, and other health science disciplines engage with marginalized adolescent populations who are at elevated risk for violence and delinquency, alcohol and other drug use, health and mental health problems, and other difficulties directly related to public safety and well-being. These risk factors often lead to short-term (e.g., detention, juvenile residential treatment facilities) and long-term (e.g., prison, parole) contact with the criminal justice system. As these fields increasingly overlap, the distinctions between them are blurred. Sound decision-making in the juvenile justice system depends on adequate research and policy at the intersection of delinquency and health.

  This volume represents an agenda-setting scholarly resource for the expansion of research and policy-making across the international delinquency and health continuum, and will be an essential resource for all who study or work in the field.

  Entry Abstract:

  The importance of sufficient and high-quality sleep is widely recognized across the medical field, educators, and more broadly. In recent years, a growing number of studies have explored whether sleep deprivation may influence delinquent behavior. This chapter provides an overview of the literature examining the relationship between sleep and delinquency. As part of this, we compare differences in the operationalization and measurement of both sleep and delinquency and discuss how these differences may affect results. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current research and areas to be explored in future studies.

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  Contemporary Issues in Victimology: Identifying Patterns and Trends

  Carly M. Hilinski-Rosick Ed., Daniel R. Lee Ed., Lindsey Wylie, and Gaylene Armstrong

  Contemporary Issues in Victimology: Identifying Patterns and Trends examines current topics in victimology and explores the main issues surrounding them. Key topics include: intimate partner violence and dating violence, rape and sexual assault on the college campus, Internet victimization, elder abuse, victimization of inmates, repeat and poly-victimization, fear of crime and perceived risk of crime, human trafficking, mass shootings, and child-to-parent violence. Each chapter includes information about the specific topic, including the nature of the issues, trends, current research, policy, current issues, and future challenges.

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  The Handbook of Homicide

  Fiona Brookman, Edward R. Maguire, and Mike Maguire

  Chapter 14: Empirical Challenges to Studying Terrorism and Homicide is authored by Joseph K. Young and Erin M. Kearns of the University of Nebraska at Omaha. This chapter can be accessed here: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/criminaljusticefacpub/127/

  The Handbook of Homicide presents a series of original essays by renowned authors from around the world, reflecting the latest scholarship on the nature, causes, and patterns of homicide, as well as policies and practices for its investigation and prevention.

  • Includes comprehensive coverage of the complex phenomenon of homicide and its various forms
  • Features original contributions from an esteemed team of global experts and scholars with chapters highlighting the authors’ original research
  • Represents the first internationally-focused collection of the latest research on the nature and causes of homicide
  • Covers both the causes and dynamics of homicide, as well as policies and practices intended to address it

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  Critical Issues in Policing Contemporary Readings

  Roger G. Dunham, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Justin Nix

  Justin Nix, UNO faculty, authored chapter 15 "Predictive Policing" (Section III: Management and Organization), pp.275-288.
  
  
  The Seventh Edition of Critical Issues in Policing includes many new and updated contributions that offer fresh perspectives and research on the most current trends in policing. The entire collection of 34 articles, carefully chosen for their broad application, sharpens readers’ sense and understanding of the complexities of police work. Styles of policing, uses of technology, and roles played by citizens in determining a proper measure of performance in law enforcement are among the essential topics addressed.
  
  Comprehensive and fair, Critical Issues in Policing provides ready access to the brightest and best minds in the field of policing, encouraging readers to hold police accountable for specific goals, tasks, and objectives and to work in concert with citizens to promote secure communities.

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  Sexual Victimization: Then and Now

  Tara N. Richards and Catherine D. Marcum

  Sexual Victimization: Then and Now provides scholars easy access to information that specifically examines the continuum of sex crimes and the perception of victims by our criminal justice system and society as a whole. This text features contributions from well-known researchers in the field and serves as an important resource to provide scholars with up-to-date research on sexual victimization that will educate students on this complex and evolving challenge for the criminal justice system. The authors approach the concept by examining how the criminal justice system handles sexual victimization, the association between individuals in a relationship and sexual assault, and unusual and special issues associated with contemporary sexual victimization. By discussing these issues, the theoretical explanations for these crimes and the effectiveness of the policy ...

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  Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice

  Gerben Bruinsma Ed., David Weisburd Ed., Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk, and Gaylene Armstrong

  • Comprehensive reference tool for the field of Criminology and Criminal Justice, with an international perspective

  • Provides complete and systematic coverage of the field in 10 volumes

  • Defines the current state of Criminology and Criminal Justice research as well as identifying emerging trends

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  The Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology

  J. Mitchell Miller Ed., Calli Cain, and Samantha S. Clinkinbeard

  The two-volume Encyclopedia of Theoretical Criminology, available in print and online, is the definitive reference resource for theoretical criminology. This encyclopedia offers a state-of-the-art survey of leading theories, concepts, and key figures in the field. It combines this breadth of coverage with the authority and international perspective of an experienced team of contributors, creating a definitive reference resource for students, scholars, and professionals.

  Broad coverage spans the origins and evolution of leading theories, major theorists, concepts, applications, and degree of empirical support for both criminology and justice Edited by a leading team of experts in the field and enhanced by contributions from an international group of leading criminology and criminal justice scholars Offers a global perspective from an international team of leading scholars, including coverage of the strong and rapidly growing body of work on criminology in Europe and other areas Includes coverage of theories of justice, crime, applied criminology, and traditional and alternative criminological theories

  2 Volumes

  www.theoreticalcriminology.com

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  Routledge Handbook of Civil Wars

  Edward Newman and Karl DeRouen Jr.

  Chapter 20: Military Tactics in Civil War is authored by Erin M. Kearns of the University of Nebraska at Omaha and Joesph K. Young.

  This comprehensive new Handbook explores the significance and nature of armed intrastate conflict and civil war in the modern world.

  Civil wars and intrastate conflict represent the principal form of organised violence since the end of World War II, and certainly in the contemporary era. These conflicts have a huge impact and drive major political change within the societies in which they occur, as well as on an international scale. The global importance of recent intrastate and regional conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Somalia, Nepal, Cote d'Ivoire, Syria and Libya – amongst others – has served to refocus academic and policy interest upon civil war.

  Drawing together contributions from key thinkers in the field who discuss the sources, causes, duration, nature and recurrence of civil wars, as well as their political meaning and international impact, the Handbook is organized into five key parts:

  Part I: Understanding and Explaining Civil Wars: Theoretical and Methodological Debates

  Part II: The Causes of Civil Wars

  Part III: The Nature and Impact of Civil Wars

  Part IV: International Dimensions

  Part V: Termination and Resolution of Civil Wars

  Covering a wide range of topics including micro-level issues as well as broader debates, Routledge Handbook of Civil Wars will set a benchmark for future research in the field.

  This volume will be of much interest to students of civil wars and intrastate conflict, ethnic conflict, political violence, peace and conflict studies, security studies and IR in general.

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  Encyclopedia of Community Corrections

  Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa Ed. and Gaylene Armstrong

  In response to recognition in the late 1960s and early 1970s that traditional incarceration was not working, alternatives to standard prison settings were sought and developed. One of those alternatives—community-based corrections—had been conceived in the 1950s as a system that might prove more progressive, humane, and effective, particularly with people who had committed less serious criminal offenses and for whom incarceration, with constant exposure to serious offenders and career criminals, might prove more damaging than rehabilitative. The alternative of community corrections has evolved to become a substantial part of the criminal justice and correctional system, spurred in recent years not so much by a progressive, humane philosophy as by dramatically increasing prison populations, court orders to "fix" overextended prison settings, and an economic search for cost savings. Although community correction programs have been in place for some 40 years now, to date no comprehensive reference resource has tackled this topic. Accessible and jargon-free and available in both print and electronic formats, the one-volume Encyclopedia of Community Corrections will explore all aspects of community corrections, from its philosophical foundation to its current inception.

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  The Future of Criminology

  Rolf Loeber Ed., Brandon C. Welsh Ed., Doris Layton MacKenzie, and Gaylene Armstrong

  Criminology is a dynamic and evolving field of study. In recent decades, the study of the causes, development, prevention, and treatment of juvenile delinquency and adult crime has produced many important discoveries. This volume address two questions about crucial topics facing criminology—from causation to prevention to public policy: Where are we now? What does the future hold? This book has been written by more than forty scholars from across the world. Chapters present the future of research, policy, and practice in the discipline. They examine five important areas of criminological knowledge (development and causation, criminal careers and justice, prevention, intervention and treatment, and public policy).

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  Snapshots of Research: Readings in Criminology and Criminal Justice

  Richard D. Hartley Ed. and Gaylene Armstrong

  Snapshots of Research: Readings in Criminology and Criminal Justice is a comprehensive, cutting-edge text that provides an introductory overview of the main research methods used in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. This text/reader offers a wide range of modern research examples, as well as several classic articles, including a broad range of readings from the four major branches of the criminal justice system—policing, courts/law, juvenile justice, and corrections—that are relevant to career paths students may be interested in pursuing.

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  Encyclopedia of Drug Policy

  Mark A.R. Kleiman Ed., James E. Hawdon Ed., Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk, and Gaylene Armstrong

  Spanning two volumes of approximately 450 entries in an A-to-Z format, this encyclopedia explores the controversial drug war through the lens of varied disciplines. A full spectrum of articles explains topics from Colombian cartels and Mexican kingpins to television reportage; from "just say no" advertising to heroin production; and from narco-terrorism to more than $500 billion in U.S. government expenditures.

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  Neighborhoods and Intimate Partner Violence

  Emily M. Wright

  Wright uses data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to examine the effects of neighborhood structural characteristics and intervening social mechanisms of collective efficacy, social ties, culture, and disorder on intimate partner violence victimization among females. She finds that partner violence is not solely an individual-level phenomenon and that the mechanisms identified by social disorganization theory appear to explain neighborhood influences on intimate partner violence. In particular, neighborhood concentrated immigration, collective efficacy, social ties and satisfaction with police reduce violence between partners while concentrated disadvantage, legal cynicism, and physical disorder increase such violence. She demonstrates that social disorganization theory can be applied to non-street forms of violence, such as intimate partner violence.

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  Juvenile Corrections

  Rick Ruddell Ed., Matthew O. Thomas Ed., Gaylene Armstrong, and B. Kim

  On any given day, there are over 100,000 youthful offenders held in a variety of residential placements, from community-based wilderness experience programs or group homes to high security facilities that are almost indistinguishable from prisons. In addition, thousands of juveniles are incarcerated in adult jails or prisons and some will serve the rest of their lives behind bars. Despite a 200-year history of holding juveniles in these settings, there is a gap in our knowledge about what actually occurs within these places. There are assaults, murders and suicides, as well as staff and resident misconduct, medical misadventures, unintentional injuries and mismanagement. On the other hand, there are thousands of hard-working, dedicated, and professional staff members in these facilities who enthusiastically work toward the rehabilitation of these young people. The contributors to this volume examine some of the key issues and trends within contemporary juvenile corrections, highlight promising rehabilitative practices, and identify the challenges of working with these youth.