"EXPLORING FACTORS OF DIFFERENTIATION" by Landon Kubicek

Date of Award

7-2024

Degree Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Education (EdD)

Department

Educational Administration and Supervision

First Advisor

Dr. C. Elliott Ostler

Abstract

Teachers are the backbone of our education system and are often overlooked sources of information within the education system itself. It’s critical to find the most up-to-date teaching practices and combine those practices by gaining insight from these teachers to ensure student success. Today, in the modern United States education system, teachers face many unique challenges in regard to their student population. The diversity within one classroom is so unique but can be challenging for teachers to address (Tomlinson, 2015). A practical method of addressing the needs of diverse populations that gives all diverse learners equal access to learning is differentiated instruction (Ford, 2019). Differentiated instruction itself allows each teacher to build a relationship with each of their students and be creative and unique with each student within their classrooms. Differentiated instruction gives the teacher the ability to meet student needs through four unique ways: Content- The information and ideas (Tomlinson, 2014). The knowledge, understanding, and skills we want students to learn (Tomlinson, 2023). The content itself includes the curriculum, the material being taught. Process- How students come to understand or make sense of the content (Tomlinson, 2023). Product- How students demonstrate what they have come to know, understand, and are able to do after an extended period of learning (Tomlinson, 2023). Affect/Environment- The climate and structure of the classroom (Tomlinson, 2014). Also, how students’ emotions and feelings impact their learning (Tomlinson, 2023). This study will look to analyze key characteristics that educators deem valuable in the education process in order to differentiate instruction. This study will include both teachers as well as administrators to understand if their perceptions of differentiation currently align. This study will also look at years of experience to see if perceptions of differentiation change as teachers become more experienced within the classroom. Tomlinson believes that all students fall under four categories of learners, participants will identify valuable characteristics for each category of learner. The four categories of learners include Advanced Learners, Struggling Learners, ELL, and Students in The Middle. These populations of students are pulled from the work of Dr. Tomlinson (2017).

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