Document Type

Report

Publication Date

4-2025

Abstract

Consumer unmanned aerial systems (UAS) are rapidly gaining autonomy and global reach, creating new opportunities— and risks—for homeland security. The researchers synthesized recent academic and industry literature on four drivers of change: artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML), next‑generation communications (5G/6G, low‑Earth‑orbit satellites, Li‑Fi, fiber tethers), community‑driven innovations , and increasingly powerful software/toolchains. Methods included targeted evidence scans and structured analysis of vulnerabilities and implementation pathways. Important findings include: (1) AI/ML reduces operator skill demands and enables autonomy and swarms; (2) expanding connectivity enables remote, persistent control; (3) open hardware/software ecosystems lower barriers to customization; and (4) planning tools make complex missions accessible. Corresponding vulnerabilities include adversarial ML and poisoning, communications interception/jamming/spoofing, insecure open‑source/DIY components, and geofencing and planning‑tool exploits. The researchers outline realistic acquisition and modification pathways (buy/steal commercial, build/retrofit) and highlights knowledge gaps requiring additional study. This directly informs DHS counter‑UAS prioritization, standards, acquisition, and operator training over the next 5 years.

Comments

PDF passed accessibility checker before upload.

Download

Share

COinS