Document Type

Report

Publication Date

4-9-2026

Abstract

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a transnational Salafi-jihadist terrorist group, designated as a foreign terrorist organization (FTO) by the U.S. Department of State. In 2019, ISIS was driven out of Syria as conventional force, marking an official end of nearly five years of its self-described territorial caliphate. Despite the group’s territorial losses, homegrown violent extremists (HVEs) acting in support of ISIS within the United States have continued to pose a significant threat. These individuals generally face two options, each presenting distinct challenges for prevention and response: some HVEs attempt to travel to the Islamic State and its affiliate branches as foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs), while others choose to stay and plan attacks in the U.S. homeland.

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