Advisor Information
Hesham Ali
Location
ROOM 225
Presentation Type
Oral Presentation
Start Date
1-3-2019 9:00 AM
End Date
1-3-2019 10:15 AM
Abstract
The human microbiome represents a vastly complex ecosystem that is tightly linked to our development. Microbiomes play critical roles in nutrient uptake, immune system development, and vitamin production. The evolution of human microbiomes continues to impact the overall health and quality of life of all humans. For example, despite the ability of microbiota to restrict pathogen invasion, pathogens have evolved tougher due to changes in diets, host environments, and use of antibiotics and other drugs. Such evolution has impacted the organization and composition of the microbial community which, in turn, has influenced susceptibility to and severity of the different type of infections. In fact, the interactions between elements of microbiome significantly shape its host microbial community. Hence, recent metagenomics- based studies of microbiomes has been focusing on how to characterize the composition of species in the microbiome and their co-occurrence patterns. In this study, we propose a comprehensive graph-theoretic framework that integrates microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. The study uses microbiome data from Crohn’s disease patients and healthy individuals in a Korean population to develop and test an integrated bioinformatics pipeline. We utilize the integrated pipeline to characterize the taxonomic and metabolic pathway composition in both groups. We show that different groups of bacteria are significantly associated with various phenotypes related to metabolic pathways in patient samples as compared to healthy samples. The obtained results also reveal that microbial elements extracted from within the highly correlated group among Crohn’s disease patients are closely associated with the metabolic mechanisms that have been linked to Crohn’s disease.
A Novel Graph-Theoretical Approach for Identifying Inter-correlations and Functional Pathways in Microbiome Data
ROOM 225
The human microbiome represents a vastly complex ecosystem that is tightly linked to our development. Microbiomes play critical roles in nutrient uptake, immune system development, and vitamin production. The evolution of human microbiomes continues to impact the overall health and quality of life of all humans. For example, despite the ability of microbiota to restrict pathogen invasion, pathogens have evolved tougher due to changes in diets, host environments, and use of antibiotics and other drugs. Such evolution has impacted the organization and composition of the microbial community which, in turn, has influenced susceptibility to and severity of the different type of infections. In fact, the interactions between elements of microbiome significantly shape its host microbial community. Hence, recent metagenomics- based studies of microbiomes has been focusing on how to characterize the composition of species in the microbiome and their co-occurrence patterns. In this study, we propose a comprehensive graph-theoretic framework that integrates microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions. The study uses microbiome data from Crohn’s disease patients and healthy individuals in a Korean population to develop and test an integrated bioinformatics pipeline. We utilize the integrated pipeline to characterize the taxonomic and metabolic pathway composition in both groups. We show that different groups of bacteria are significantly associated with various phenotypes related to metabolic pathways in patient samples as compared to healthy samples. The obtained results also reveal that microbial elements extracted from within the highly correlated group among Crohn’s disease patients are closely associated with the metabolic mechanisms that have been linked to Crohn’s disease.