Publications by the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice faculty members are collected here.

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Submissions from 2024

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Navigating Entry: The Role of Exposure and Career Fit Negotiation in Women’s Pathways to Policing in the United States, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Rachael Rief, Trisha Rhodes, and Lexi Goodijohn

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Recruiting, retaining, and advancing women in policing: Lessons learned from the IAWP Gender-Responsive Policing Summit, Jessica Huff, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Rachael Rief, Brenna Dunlap, Inès Zamouri, Lexi Goodijohn, Caroline Meenagh, Champ Champenstein, Jane Townsley, Mirko Fernandez, and Jessica Swanson

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Ask the women in blue: Female officers’ thoughts on the recruitment and retention of women in policing, Rachael Rief, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Lexi Goodijohn, and Trisha Rhodes

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Sex Matters The Impact of Skin Tone on Perceived Levels of Attraction, Callie Vitro and Talisa J. Carter

Submissions from 2023

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The Theorizing of Terrorism within Criminology, Daren Fisher and Erin M. Kearns

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How generalizable are findings from police surveys? A review of multi-agency studies, Erin M. Kearns and Justin Nix

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An experimental look at reasonable suspicion and police discretion, Kyle McLean, Justin Nix, Seth W. Stoughton, Ian T. Adams, and Geoffrey P. Alpert

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Making Sense of Unofficial Deadly Force Data, Justin Nix

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THE “WAR ON COPS,” RETALIATORY VIOLENCE, AND THE MURDER OF GEORGE FLOYD, Michael Sierra-Arevalo, Justin Nix, and Scott Mourtgos

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Epidemiological Criminology and COVID: A Transdisciplinary Analysis of Violent Crime and Emergency Department Admissions during COVID, Lindsey Wylie, Julie D. Garman, Gaylene Armstrong, Ashley Farrens, Jenny Burt, Mark Foxall, Michael Visenio, Macall Cox, Cynthia Hernandex, Charity H. Evans, and Ashley Ann Raposo-Hadley

Submissions from 2022

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Understanding volunteerism: the role of the participant in non-clinical correctional programming, H. Daniel Butler, Michael Campagna, Ryan E. Spohn, and Katelynn Towne

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The Application of Bystander Intervention Scripts: Implications for Guardianship in Action, Leah C. Butler, Amanda Graham, and Bonnie S. Fisher

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A multi-site study of firearms displays by police at use of force incidents, Timothy Cubitt and Justin Nix

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Mental Illness, Substance Use, and Co-Occurring Disorders among Jail Inmates: Prevalence, Recidivism, and Gender Differences, Nicky Dalbir, Emily M. Wright, and Benjamin Steiner

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Baseline Needs Assessment for a Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program 1-Year Pilot, Nathan Foje, Ashley Ann Raposo-Hadley, Ashley Farrens, Jenny Burt, Charity H. Evans, Zachary M. Bauman, Gaylene Armstrong, Mark Foxall, and Julie D. Garman

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Violent victimization among immigrants: Using the National Violent Death Reporting System to examine foreign-born homicide victimization in the United States, Kayla R. Freemon, Melissa A. Gutierrez, Jessica Huff, Hyunjung Cheon, David Choate, Taylor Cox, and Charles M. Katz

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Do body-worn cameras reduce disparities in police behavior in minority communities? Evidence of nuanced influences across Black and Hispanic neighborhoods, Jessica Huff

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Promoting Women Police Officers: Does Exam Format Matter?, Jessica Huff and Natalie Todak

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The Achilles Heel of Police Body-Worn Cameras: Understanding the Factors That Influence Variation in Body-Worn Camera Activation, Charles M. Katz and Jessica Huff

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Identifying Successes and Barriers in a Child Advocacy Center: An Examination of Five Service Areas, Amber Krushas, Teresa C. Kulig, Emily M. Wright, Ryan E. Spohn, and Lynn Castrianno

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Construction of Radicalization: Examination of an Important Construct in the Explanation of Terrorism, Hillary McNeel, Lisa L. Sample, and Samantha S. Clinkinbeard

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Does Procedural Justice Reduce the Harmful Effects of Perceived Ineffectiveness on Police Legitimacy?, Yongjae Nam, Scott E. Wolfe, and Justin Nix

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Divergent perspectives: autistic adults' perceptions of the police, Megan M. Parry and Jessica Huff

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A National Analysis of Trauma Care Proximity and Firearm Assault Survival among U.S. Police, Michael Sierra-Arevalo, Justin Nix, and Bradley O'Guinn

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Defense, Disrespect, and #Deadly: A Qualitative Exploration of Precursors to Youth Violence Informed Through Hospital-Based Violence Prevention Program Follow Up, Katherine B. Snyder, Ashley Ann Raposo-Hadley, Charity H. Evans, Ashley Farrens, Jenny Burt, Gaylene Armstrong, Julie D. Garman, Lindsey Wylie, and Mark Foxall

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“Put it in Your Toolbox”: How Vocational Programs Support Formerly Incarcerated Persons through Reentry, Katelynn Towne, Michael Campagna, Ryan E. Spohn, and Amber Richey

Submissions from 2021

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Controlling Schools: How School Resource Officers’ Roles Map Onto Schools’ Behavior Management Strategies, Ivan Benitez, Benjamin W. Fisher, Taylor Tolles, and Emily M. Wright

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The influence of youth and parent reports of parental knowledge and monitoring and reporting discrepancy on high risk youth offending, Leana A. Bouffard and Gaylene Armstrong

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The Influence of Youth and Parent Reports of Parental Knowledge and Monitoring and Reporting Discrepancy on High-Risk Youth Offending, Leana A. Bouffard and Gaylene S. Armstrong

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Examining the Effect of Perceived Responsibility on Online Bystander Intervention, Target Hardening, and Inaction, Leah C. Butler, Amanda Graham, Bonnie S. Fisher, Billy Henson, and Bradford W. Reyns

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How Did You Become a Police Officer? Entry-Related Motives and Concerns of Women and Men in Policing, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Starr J. Solomon, and Rachael M. Rief

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Why Did You Become a Police Officer? Entry-Related Motives and Concerns of Women and Men in Policing, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Starr Solomon, and Rachael Rief

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The Americanization of Karen Refugee Youth: Exploring Attitudes Toward and Use of Methamphetamine, Brooke N. Cooley, Lisa L. Sample, Karen Rolf, and Julie D. Garman

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Racial attitudes and criminal justice policy, Francis T. Cullen, Leah C. Butler, and Amanda Graham

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Catholics and capital punishment: Do Pope Francis’s teachings matter in policy preferences?, Francis T. Cullen, Amanda Graham, Kellie R. Hannan, Alexander L. Burton, Leah C. Butler, and Velmer S. Burton Jr.

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A New Frontier: The Development and Validation of the Intimate Partner Cyber Abuse Instrument, Erica R. Fissel, Amanda Grham, Leah C. Butler, and Bonnie S. Fisher

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Conducting Research in Indigenous Communities: Recommendations for Research Partnerships, Sheena Gilbert, Emily M. Wright, Raquel DeHerrera, and Tara Richards

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Federal policy has failed to protect Indigenous women, Sheena Gilbert, Emily M. Wright, and Tara Richards

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Who Wears the MAGA Hat? Racial Beliefs and Faith in Trump, Amanda Graham, Francis T. Cullen, Leah C. Butler, Alexander L. Burton, and Velmer S. Burton Jr.

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Racial Sympathy and Support for Capital Punishment: A Case Study in Concept Transfer, Kellie R. Hannan, Francis T. Cullen, Leah C. Butler, Amanda Graham, Alexander L. Burton, and Velmer S. Burton Jr.

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Drug Testing Policies and Practices: Predicting Successful Outcomes Among Juveniles Participating in Pretrial Diversion Programs, Chelsea W. Harris and Lindsey E. Wylie

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Going Beyond the Blue: The Utility of Emergency Medical Services Data in Understanding Violent Crime, Julie Hibdon, Cody E. Telep, and Jessica Huff

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Variations in Victim Presence in Restorative Youth Conferencing Programs: The Use of Surrogate Victims Increases Reparation Completion, Anne Hobbs, Ana Cienfuegos-Silvera, and Lindsey E. Wylie

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The Juvenile Reentry Mentoring Project: Adaptations During COVID-19, Anne M. Hobbs and Marta Dzieniszewska

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Understanding police decisions to arrest: The impact of situational, officer, and neighborhood characteristics on police discretion, Jessica Huff

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The Influence of Defendant Race/Ethnicity and Police Body-Worn Cameras on Traffic Case Processing, Jessica Huff, Michael D. White, and Kathleen E. Padilla

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The Fast & The Furious…Torturous?: Examining the Impact of Torture Scenes in Popular Films on Public Perceptions of Torture Policy, Erin M. Kearns and Casey Delehanty

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Intergroup images mediate the relationships between government abuse, sociopolitical orientations, and political action, Erin M. Kearns, Christopher Federico, Victor Asal, James Igoe Walsh, Allison E. Betus, and Anthony F. Lemieux

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Measuring Sex Trafficking: A National-Level Victimization Survey of an At-Risk Sample, Teresa C. Kulig

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Do I Report This? Understanding Variation in the Content of State Mandatory Reporting Laws, Robert D. Lytle, Dana L. Radatz, Lisa L. Sample, and Randi M. Latiolais

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Understanding the Bounds of Legitimacy: Weber’s Facets of Legitimacy and the Police Empowerment Hypothesis, Kyle McLean and Justin Nix

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Mandatory Sexual Assault Kit Testing Policies and Arrest Trends: A Natural Experiment, Scott M. Mourtgos, Ian T. Adams, Justin Nix, and Tara N. Richards

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More Guns, Pandemic Stress and a Police Legitimacy Crisis Created Perfect Conditions for Homicide Spike in 2020, Justin Nix

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What Does the Public Want Police to Do During Pandemics? A National Experiment, Justin Nix, Stefan Ivanov, and Justin T. Pickett

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Police Killings of Unarmed Black Americans: A Reassessment of Community Mental Health Spillover Effects, Justin Nix and M. James Lozada

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The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders on Domestic Violence Calls for Service Across Six U.S. Jurisdictions, Justin Nix and Tara N. Richards

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Perceptions of violence in justice-involved youth, Keely Reidelberger, Ashley Ann Raposo-Hadley, Jermaine Greenaway, Ashley Farrens, Jenny Burt, Lindsey Wylie, Gaylene Armstrong, Mark Foxall, Zachary M. Bauman, and Charity H. Evans

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Examining Incidents of Sexual Misconduct Reported to Title IX Coordinators: Results from New York’s Institutions of Higher Education, Tara Richards, Taylor Claxton, and Lane Kirkland Gillespie

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Decolonizing VAWA 2021: A Step in the Right Direction for Protecting Native American Women, Tara N. Richards, Sheena L. Gilbert, and Emily M. Wright

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Community-Informed Relationship Violence Intervention in a HighStress, Low-Income Urban Context, Tara N. Richards, Christopher M. Murphy, Lisa J. Nitsch, Angelique Green-Manning, Ann Marie Brokmeier, Adam D. LaMotte, and Charvonne N. Holliday

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Domestic Violence Calls For Help Increased During the Pandemic – But the Answers Haven’t Gotten Any Easier, Tara N. Richards and Justin Nix

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Comparing 911 and Emergency Hotline Calls for Domestic Violence in Seven Cities: What Happened When People Started Staying Home Due to COVID-19?, Tara N. Richards, Justin Nix, Scott Mourtgos, and Ian Adams

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On Assessing the Scope of Missing Native Americans in Nebraska: Results From a State-Wide Study and Recommendations for Future Research: On Assessing the Scope of Missing Native American Persons: Results From a State-Wide Study and Recommendations for Future Research, Tara N. Richards, Emily M. Wright, Alyssa Nystrom, Sheena Gilbert, and Caralin Branscum

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Examining adverse childhood experiences among Native American persons in a nationally representative sample: Differences among racial/ethnic groups and race/ethnicity-sex dyads, Tara Richards, Joseph A. Schwartz, and Emily M. Wright

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Examining police officers’ perceptions of stress: the role of Person−environment fit, Rachael Rief and Samantha S. Clinkinbeard

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Forced Interactions with Sheriff Deputies Over Time and Their Influence on Stigma and Self Identities Among Individuals Convicted of Sex Crimes, Lisa L. Sample, Brooke Cooley, Tusty ten Bensel, Carin Hyter, and Brett Hurley

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Changes in Jail Admissions Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury, Joseph A. Schwartz, Emily M. Wright, Ryan E. Spohn, Michael Campagna, Benjamin Steiner, and Ebonie Epinger

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The Measurement of Organizational Justice Matters: A Research Note, Scott Wolfe, Justin Nix, and Justin Pickett

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Neighborhoods and Intimate Partner Violence: A Decade in Review, Emily M. Wright, Gillian M. Pinchevsky, and Min Xie

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The influence of adverse childhood experiences on internalizing and externalizing problems in early adulthood: Evidence of a gene × environment × sex interaction, Emily M. Wright and Joseph A. Schwartz

Submissions from 2020

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Veteran Treatment Court Clients’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Recidivism, Cassandra A. Atkin-Plunk, Gaylene Armstrong, and Nicky Dalbir

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How Perpetrator Identity (Sometimes) Influences Media Framing Attacks as “Terrorism” or “Mental Illness”, Allison E. Betus, Erin M. Kearns, and Anthony F. Lemieux

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5 reasons police officers should have college degrees, Leana A. Bouffard and Gaylene Armstrong

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Beyond the New Jim Crow: Public Support for Removing and Regulating Collateral Consequences, Alexander L. Burton, Velmer S. Burton Jr., Francis T. Cullen, Justin T. Pickett, Leah C. Butler, and Angela J. Thielo

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Belief in Redeemability and Punitive Public Opinion: “Once a Criminal, Always a Criminal” Revisited, Alexander L. Burton, Francis T. Cullen, Velmer S. Burton Jr., Amanda Graham, Leah C. Butler, and Angela J. Thielo

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Redemption at a Correctional Turning Point: Public Support for Rehabilitation Ceremonies, Leah C. Butler, Francis T. Cullen, Alexander L. Burton, Angela J. Thielo, and Velmer S. Burton Jr.

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Who Are the Mavens of Bystander Intervention? Implications for the Social Diffusion of Intervention Norms, Leah C. Butler and Bonnie S. Fisher

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Does Change in Binge Drinking Reduce Risk of Repeat Sexual Assault Victimization? Evidence From Three Cohorts of Freshman Undergraduate Women, Leah C. Butler, Bonnie S. Fisher, and Bradford W. Reyns

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Change Matters: Binge Drinking and Drugging Victimization over Time in Three College Freshman Cohorts, Leah C. Butler, Bonnie S. Fisher, Rachael Schilling, Nicole V. Lasky, and Suzanne C. Swan

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The Effects of Police Contact and Neighborhood Context on Delinquency and Violence, Joselyne L. Chenane, Emily M. Wright, and Yan Wang

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Who Dreams of Badges? Gendered Self-Concept and Policing Career Aspirations, Samantha S. Clinkinbeard, Starr J. Solomon, and Rachael M. Rief

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Wait, There’s Torture in Zootopia? Examining the Prevalence of Torture in Popular Movies, Casey Delehanty and Erin M. Kearns

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Biased Coverage of Bias Crime: Examining Differences in Media Coverage of Hate Crimes and Terrorism, Adam Ghazi-Tehrani and Erin M. Kearns

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A randomized controlled trial of the impact of body-worn camera activation on the outcomes of individual incidents, Jessica Huff, Charles M. Katz, and E. C. Hedberg

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Attitudinal Changes Toward Body-Worn Cameras: Perceptions of Cameras, Organizational Justice, and Procedural Justice Among Volunteer and Mandated Officers, Jessica Huff, Charles M. Katz, Vincent J. Webb, and E. C. Hedberg

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Why Do Some Terrorist Attacks Receive More Media Attention Than Others?, Erin M. Kearns, Allison E. Betus, and Anthony F. Lemieux

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Perceptions of danger, tolerance of delinquency, and economic disadvantage: Examining neighborhood influences on child physical abuse, Marijana M. Kotlaja, Abigail A. Fagan, and Emily M. Wright

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How social dominance orientation shapes perceptions of police, Belen Lowrey-Kinberg, Hillary Mellinger, and Erin M. Kearns

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On the challenges associated with the study of police use of deadly force in the United States: A response to Schwartz & Jahn, Justin Nix

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Understanding Body-Worn Camera Diffusion in U.S. Policing, Justin Nix, Natalie Todak, and Brandon Tregle

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Exploring Gendered Environments in Policing: Workplace Incivilities and Fit Perceptions in Men and Women Officers, Rachael Rief and Samantha S. Clinkinbeard

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Why do officers support community policing? A cross-departmental and cross-temporal comparison, Mary Shupard and Erin M. Kearns

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Gun Victimization in the Line of Duty: Fatal and Non-Fatal Firearm Assaults on Police Officers in the United States, 2014-2019, Michael Sierra-Arévalo and Justin Nix

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Body-worn cameras and transparency: Experimental Evidence of Inconsistency in Police Executive Decision-Making, Brandon Tregle, Justin Nix, and Justin T. Pickett

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Responding to Crossover Youth: A Look Beyond Recidivism Outcomes, Emily M. Wright, Ryan E. Spohn, and Michael Campagna

Submissions from 2019

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Less Safe in the Ivory Tower: Campus Sexual Assault Policy in the Trump Administration, Leah C. Butler, Heejin Lee, and Bonnie S. Fisher

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Traffic stops, race, and perceptions of fairness, Joselyne Chenane, Emily M. Wright, and Chris L. Gibson

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Is It Terrorism?: Public Perceptions, Media, and Labeling the Las Vegas Shooting, Matthew J. Dolliver and Erin M. Kearns

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From Playboy to Prison: When Pornography Use Becomes a Crime, Julie D. Garman, Lisa L. Sample, and Sarah A. Steele

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Mock Juror Perceptions of Police Shootings: The Effects of Victim Race and Shooting Justifiability, Jessica Huff, Muaricio J. Alvarez, and Monica K. Miller